Bitcoin mining using landfill gas – model code

Python code replicates results and reproduces Figures from Rudd et al. 2024. An integrated landfill gas-to-energy and Bitcoin mining framework. Journal of Cleaner Production

Part 4. Acceleration and cross-loop failure

Advances in AI accelerate the environment in which Bitcoin’s existing action arenas operate, making stress easier to recognize, and responses easier to imagine, before the relevant governance form has necessarily acquired authority to act.

Part 3. Temporal and monetary architecture

The case chapters showed where Bitcoin’s institutional commitments are tested. In Part 3, I ask how those commitments persist, weaken, or change form over time.

Part 2. Bitcoin governance cases

Bitcoin reveals where governance is displaced, delayed, or mismatched: from code into implementation norms; from market participation into public legitimacy; from exposure into agency; and from exit into the problem of collective response.

Part 1. Institutional foundations

Bitcoin can be treated as a monetary asset, a protocol, or a political commitment. I treat it as an institution: a rule-structured environment in which operational settlement can be precise while higher-level governance questions remain unsettled.

Bitcoin Mining at the Energy Edge

The July 7, 2026 episode of the Isabel Foxen Duke podcast features Stephen Barbour describing Bitcoin mining as flexible load for upstream energy production.